Contraception: Use different contraceptive methods for different diseases

Small uterus, small ovaries, and missed menstruation may be related to genetic factors, endocrine disorders, premature ovarian failure, polycystic ovary syndrome, congenital developmental abnormalities, etc., which usually manifest as oligomenorrhea, amenorrhea, infertility and other symptoms. It can be improved through hormone replacement therapy, ovulation induction therapy, traditional Chinese medicine conditioning, lifestyle adjustment, and surgical treatment.

1. Genetic factors

Genetic factors may lead to congenital dysplasia of the uterus and ovaries, manifested by small uterine size and low ovarian reserve function. Such patients may have primary amenorrhea or oligomenorrhea, and some may have delayed development of secondary sexual characteristics. It is recommended that parents take their children to a gynecological endocrinology department as soon as possible to confirm the diagnosis through karyotype analysis and other examinations. For treatment, estrogen sequential therapy can be used to promote the development of reproductive organs. Commonly used drugs include estradiol valerate tablets, progesterone capsules, etc.

2. Endocrine disorders

Hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis dysfunction can cause abnormal gonadotropin secretion, leading to follicular development disorders and endometrial growth restriction. In addition to abnormal menstruation, patients may also experience symptoms of excessive androgen such as acne and hirsutism. Basic endocrine examination and ultrasound monitoring are helpful in diagnosis. Ethinyl estradiol and cyproterone tablets are commonly used clinically to regulate hormone levels, supplemented by Chinese patent medicines such as Dingkundan.

3. Premature ovarian failure

Ovarian failure before the age of 40 can cause estrogen levels to plummet, causing uterine atrophy and cessation of menstruation. Such patients are often accompanied by perimenopausal symptoms such as hot flashes and night sweats. Anti-Müllerian hormone testing and antral follicle count assess ovarian reserve. Treatment requires long-term use of hormone preparations such as estradiol and dydrogesterone tablets, combined with calcium carbonate D3 tablets to prevent osteoporosis.

4. Polycystic ovary syndrome

Insulin resistance and hyperandrogenemia can lead to arrested follicular development, manifested by increased ovarian size but no dominant follicle formation. Most patients have metabolic abnormalities such as obesity and acanthosis nigricans. Diagnosis requires a combination of ultrasound showing polycystic ovarian changes and hormone testing results. Metformin tablets are commonly used clinically to improve insulin resistance and combined with clomiphene citrate tablets to induce ovulation.

5. Congenital developmental abnormalities

Müllerian hypoplasia may lead to primordial uterus or immature uterus, and when combined with ovarian dysplasia, it may cause primary amenorrhea. The degree of reproductive tract malformation can be determined by pelvic MRI. Some patients can use ethinyl estradiol tablets to promote uterine development, and those with severe deformities may need assisted reproductive technologies such as surrogacy to solve fertility problems.

It is recommended to maintain a regular schedule and a balanced diet, and appropriately increase the intake of foods high in phytoestrogens such as soy products and nuts. Avoid excessive dieting and strenuous exercise that can lead to low body fat percentage. Conduct regular gynecological examinations and hormone level monitoring, and use medications regularly under the guidance of a doctor. Patients preparing for pregnancy need to undergo fertility assessment in advance and consider assisted reproductive technology intervention if necessary. Pay attention to psychological counseling to avoid excessive anxiety due to menstrual problems.