What are the dangers of multiple uterine fibroids?

Multiple uterine fibroids may lead to menstrual abnormalities, compression symptoms, fertility disorders, anemia and risk of malignant transformation. Multiple uterine fibroids are common benign tumors in the female reproductive system. They are formed by the proliferation of smooth muscle cells. The degree of harm is closely related to the size, number and location of the fibroids.

1. Abnormal menstruation

Multiple uterine fibroids may cause increased menstrual flow, longer menstrual periods, or shorter cycles. When fibroids increase the area of ​​the uterine cavity or affect uterine contraction, they can lead to increased exposure of endometrial blood vessels and cause abnormal bleeding. Long-term blood loss may develop into anemia, manifesting as fatigue, dizziness and other symptoms. For those with obvious symptoms, tranexamic acid tablets, drospirenone ethinylestradiol tablets and other drugs can be used to regulate menstruation as directed by the doctor. In severe cases, surgical removal of fibroids is required.

2. Symptoms of oppression

Larger fibroids may press on the bladder or rectum, causing frequent urination, difficulty urinating, and constipation. Broad ligament fibroids may also compress the ureter and cause hydronephrosis. Compressive symptoms are usually related to the location of fibroid growth. Front wall fibroids are more likely to affect bladder function, while posterior wall fibroids are more likely to cause intestinal discomfort. Ultrasound examination can clarify the relationship between fibroids and surrounding organs. If necessary, myomectomy may be performed to relieve the compression.

3. Fertility disorders

Submucosal fibroids may prevent the implantation of a fertilized egg. Excessive intramural fibroids can change the shape of the uterine cavity and increase the probability of miscarriage and premature birth. Fibroids may interfere with fallopian tube patency or space for embryonic development. If a woman preparing for pregnancy finds a fibroid with a diameter of more than 4 centimeters, it is recommended that she consider laparoscopic myomectomy after a doctor's evaluation. She will need to use contraception for 1-2 years after the surgery to wait for the uterine wound to heal.

4. Secondary anemia

Long-term heavy menstruation can lead to iron deficiency anemia, and continued reduction in hemoglobin may cause hypoxic symptoms such as heart palpitations and shortness of breath. The degree of anemia can be judged by blood routine. For mild anemia, iron supplements such as ferrous succinate tablets and ferric protein succinate oral solution can be supplemented, and the primary disease needs to be treated at the same time. Severe anemia may require transfusion support and control of bleeding from fibroids as quickly as possible.

5. Risk of malignant transformation

The probability of uterine fibroids becoming malignant into sarcomas is extremely low, but fibroids that grow rapidly in a short period of time need to be alert to the possibility of malignancy. When fibroids increase rather than decrease after menopause and are accompanied by abnormal vaginal bleeding or abdominal pain, MRI and pathological biopsy should be used to rule out malignant transformation. If uterine sarcoma is diagnosed, total hysterectomy is required, and postoperative radiotherapy and chemotherapy are required according to the situation.

Patients with multiple uterine fibroids should undergo regular gynecological examinations and ultrasound monitoring to evaluate changes in fibroids every 6-12 months. Avoid daily intake of estrogen-containing health products and control the intake of phytoestrogens such as soy products. Maintain a regular schedule and moderate exercise. Those who are overweight need to lose weight to reduce estrogen levels. If symptoms such as severe abdominal pain, abnormal bleeding, or difficulty urinating occur, you must seek medical treatment promptly. Postmenopausal women still need to continue to follow up to observe the status of fibroids.