What are the disease screening items?

There is no unified list of fixed items for disease screening. The core is a combination of "universal basic items + personalized high-risk screening", which is completely different for each individual. There is no so-called "additional items that everyone must do." I have been doing health management for almost 6 years, and the most common misunderstanding I have encountered is that people always look for the "most comprehensive screening list" and want to check everything they can. In fact, it is completely unnecessary. Last time I met 55-year-old Aunt Zhang at a community free clinic, she had no minor health problems except for a 20-year history of high blood pressure. Her father died of a stroke. I suggested that in addition to basic routine blood tests, liver and kidney function, blood lipids and blood glucose, electrocardiogram, and abdominal ultrasound, she , it is enough to focus on carotid artery ultrasound, homocysteine testing, and annual low-dose spiral CT. There is no need to buy the "whole body cancer screening package" that costs tens of thousands, especially PET-CT, which has a high radiation dose. It is a complete waste of money for ordinary people and they are exposed to radiation in vain.

There are a lot of controversies about screening programs now. The most typical one is whether tumor markers should be routinely done. Many experts think that routine screening for ordinary healthy people is completely unnecessary. The false positive rate is too high. If the indicator is higher, it will be nothing. It scares me for several months and I can't sleep well. After the re-examination, nothing happened.； However, if you have a clear family genetic history or have precancerous lesions, regular monitoring of corresponding markers can serve as an auxiliary early warning, and you cannot say that it is completely useless.

Last year, a 30-year-old Internet practitioner came for consultation. He always had irregular eating habits, stomachaches, and a family history of bowel cancer. I advised him to get a gastrointestinal endoscopy at that time, but he found it troublesome and said that it was not necessary because he was young. As a result, this year's physical examination at the work unit added a gastrointestinal endoscopy, and it was found to be in the early stage of bowel cancer. Fortunately, it was discovered early and it was removed endoscopically, and he did not suffer anything. If he had waited for obvious symptoms to be checked again, it might have been delayed to the mid-to-late stage.

To put it bluntly, disease screening is like a customized "security check" for the body. It is not just a general checklist to check one by one. If you really want to do a screening, you don't need to search for strategies and make a list. First, sit down and chat with the doctor for 5 minutes. Explain your usual daily routine, whether you have habits such as smoking and drinking, whether you have any genetic history in the family, and where you always feel uncomfortable. The items that are assigned are the most suitable for you. Otherwise, no matter how much money you spend on a bunch of useless things, you will miss what should be checked, and the gain will be more than worth the loss.