What aspects does first aid and emergency health training include

The content of first aid and emergency health training has no particularly rigid boundaries. The core is centered around the logic of "saving lives first, preventing secondary injuries, and reducing subsequent health effects in emergency situations", covering the entire process from immediate treatment to subsequent intervention.

We have conducted so many trainings, and the most core and most valued skill among trainees is definitely the skill of immediate life-saving. After all, in cases of cardiac arrest and foreign body obstruction in the airway, the golden treatment time is only a few minutes, and it will most likely be too late to wait for 120 to arrive. For example, last year, a young man in his 20s died suddenly while working overtime in the business district of our district. The clerk of the milk tea shop next to him had just participated in our training last month and performed four minutes of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). He also went to the nearby pharmacy to get an automated external defibrillator (AED) for a shock. By the time 120 arrived, the man had resumed breathing on his own. This skill seems difficult, but in fact, ordinary people can master it after practicing it for two or three times. There is also the Heimlich maneuver for children and the elderly to get stuck on foreign objects. A father used this technique to save his 3-year-old son who was stuck in the throat of jelly after only one week of learning it.

Many people misunderstand that this type of training is only useful for “rescuing people who are dying.” In fact, this is not the case. More high-frequency daily emergency situations are what most ordinary people will use. For example, if you accidentally cut your hand, how to apply pressure to stop the bleeding without leaving any sequelae; if you are burned, shower with cold water immediately instead of applying toothpaste and soy sauce; if your ankle is sprained, apply cold compress first instead of rubbing it; there is also the FAST method to determine stroke, myocardial infarction, patients should lie still and not move around, and epileptic seizures Don’t stuff things into people’s mouths and don’t pinch them. In the last training, an uncle listened to this paragraph of direct slapping on the thigh. He said that two years ago, he encountered a neighbor who had an epileptic seizure.

In addition to daily scenarios, emergency health protection for specific scenarios is also the focus of many customized trainings. When training for factories, we will talk more about how to clean up chemical splashes and how to temporarily fix mechanical injuries; when training for schools, we will focus on how to protect ourselves during stampedes and the correct rescue logic to prevent drowning. Many children thought that they could swim and save their classmates who fell into the water. After listening, Knowing how strong a person who has fallen into the water is in trying to survive, there is a high probability that he will be dragged down if he enters the water casually. The best thing to do is to call someone or find a floating object to throw over. When training the elderly in the community, they will teach more about how to help someone who has fallen down to avoid secondary fractures, and how to seek help as soon as possible when dizziness and chest pain occur.

Not all content in the industry is completely unified now, and some content is still controversial. For example, whether ordinary people should learn to use tourniquets, someone will ask every time we train. One group of experts believes that it is difficult for ordinary people to remember the requirement to loosen a tourniquet for 30 seconds every 15 to 20 minutes. If it is tied for a long time, it will easily lead to limb necrosis. It is better to teach simple pressure to stop bleeding. The other group believes that in extreme cases of arterial bleeding, tourniquets can save lives when pressure cannot be stopped. As long as the taboos are clearly explained, ordinary people can master it. Therefore, there will be differences in this content in the training of different institutions. We usually teach both methods, and we will also clearly tell the students that if they are really unsure, they should give priority to calling 120 and listen to the dispatcher's guidance. Don't force it.

There is another piece of content that is easily overlooked by everyone, which is emergency health intervention after emergencies. For example, if you are scratched or bitten by a cat or dog, you should wash it with running soapy water for 15 minutes before getting a rabies vaccine. If you are pricked by a rusty nail, don’t take it seriously. You should go to the hospital to evaluate whether you need a tetanus shot. Also, how to wear a mask correctly and prepare disinfectant during public health emergencies. These are actually routine training contents.

To be honest, we have been training for five or six years, and we have never expected the students to become professional first aid personnel after completing the training. The most important thing is to change the old misunderstandings of "pinch someone to cure fainting" and "apply toothpaste to cure burns". If you dare to step forward when encountering problems but do not act blindly, and do one or two key things in the golden time before 120 arrives, the training will be worthwhile.