Summary of experience in basic first aid skills popularization training

First, for ordinary non-professionals, “daring to take action” in first aid has a much higher priority than “operating flawlessly””； Second, the current common misunderstandings about first aid among the public are the core culprits that delay the golden time for out-of-hospital first aid.

To be honest, I had watched no less than ten short videos on emergency science, and I thought I had memorized the key points of the operation. However, during the simulated scene test on the first day of training, when I looked at the simulator lying on the ground, my first reaction was to stand there stunned for three seconds - all I could think about was "What if I pressed the wrong button?" Will I be blackmailed if I break my ribs? ”, it was not until the emergency doctor who taught me yelled at the side, "First touch your nose and check the rise and fall of the chest. If you waste a second of the golden four minutes, you are harming people." I didn't react and stepped forward to operate.

There used to be a topic that was always discussed on the Internet: Is it improper to perform CPR to crush a rib? I have seen many popular science bloggers swear that as long as you find the right position and exert the correct force, it will never break. This time our instructor directly gave a different clinical conclusion: In the out-of-hospital emergency care he has participated in for 12 years, more than 30% of adults The rescuers all suffered rib fractures, especially those over 60 years old with osteoporosis. Even if the operation is completely in compliance with the standards, there is a high probability that bone fractures will occur. "A fracture can be cured, but if the heart stops for more than 4 minutes, brain damage is irreversible. Which one do you choose?" ”In fact, both statements are valid: professional medical care has been trained thousands of times and can indeed reduce the probability of fractures as much as possible, but for us ordinary people, there is really no need to regard "zero injury" as a prerequisite for first aid. First, ensure that the depth of compression is 5-6 cm and the frequency is 100-120 times/min. It is 10,000 times more effective than worrying about whether a rib will be broken.

I used to think that the Heimlich maneuver was a universal tool for throat obstruction, until an aunt in the same group said that she used Heimlich on her husband who had a stuck fish bone last year, but it pushed the bone deeper, and finally went to the hospital's otolaryngology department to remove it. The teacher said that this misunderstanding has really harmed many people: the Heimlich is only suitable for cases where the airway is completely obstructed. If the person can still speak and cough normally, it means that the airway is only partially blocked. At this time, just let him cough by himself and pat the back. Squeezing too hard may make the foreign object get stuck deeper. Not to mention that babies under 1 year old cannot use the adult Heimlich at all. They must lie on the adult's arm and pat the middle of the shoulder blades, and then use chest compressions.

I was particularly impressed by a set of data given by the teacher: more than 540,000 people suffer from sudden cardiac death in my country every year, and the out-of-hospital survival rate is only 0.1%, which is far lower than about 10% in developed countries in Europe and the United States. The problem is not that everyone can't understand the operation steps, but that there are too few people who dare to step forward. Random questions were asked at the scene. Among the more than 20 students, only two people knew the "Good Guy Law" in the Civil Code: Article 184 clearly states that if the voluntary emergency rescue behavior causes damage to the recipient, the rescuer shall not bear civil liability. The vast majority of people don't dare to do it. The essence is not indifference, but fear of taking responsibility and making mistakes. They don't even know the "exemption card" in their hands.

I used to practice on a simulator, and after the 17th press, my arms were so sore that I couldn't lift them up. The depth of the presses couldn't meet the requirements at all. The teacher came over to correct my posture and said that I wasn't using my arms to exert force at all, but the weight of my upper body was pressing down. "Do you think it's as simple as two presses in the short video?" When you really need to save someone, pressing the button continuously for two minutes is considered to be a good physical condition. If there is someone next to you who knows how to do it, switch the button and don’t hold on. It’s better than carrying it until you have no strength alone.” In the past, I always felt that artificial respiration was an essential step in CPR. The teacher said that the latest guidelines have made it clear that if non-professionals are too dirty or do not know how to do artificial respiration, they can just do continuous chest compressions. The effect is not much worse than adding artificial respiration, and it is better than standing there wondering whether to do artificial respiration and wasting time.

I now have a small printed card the size of a fingernail tucked into the back of my phone case. On one side, I wrote three core points: first determine consciousness and breathing, call 120 to clarify the address, and then start rescue. On the other side, I copied the content of Article 184 of the Civil Code. It’s not that I can become a first aid superman after these two days of training. If I encounter an emergency, I will definitely call 120 first. If there are professional medical care nearby, I will definitely let them go first.

But at least the next time I see someone lying on the roadside, I will no longer be the panicked onlooker with my mobile phone who doesn't know what to do. I can go up and help check the person's consciousness, evacuate the crowd, and report the accurate location to 120. When it is absolutely necessary and no one comes, I dare to reach out and press those few times. It's better than standing by and watching the golden four minutes pass, and then being lamented on the news for a long time afterwards, right?